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พระบรมมหาราชวัง

The Grand Palace stands beside the Chao Phraya River in Bangkok’s Rattanakosin Island. Its rectangular grounds cover 218,400 square metres behind four whitewashed walls. Buildings, halls and pavilions surround lawns, gardens and courtyards in an intentionally varied arrangement. The complex includes the Temple of the Emerald Buddha.

Construction began in 1782, after King Rama I moved the capital from Thonburi to Bangkok. Early wooden structures gradually became masonry walls, gates, forts, throne halls and royal residences. Bricks from Ayutthaya travelled down the Chao Phraya and entered Bangkok’s new palace walls. The layout followed the former royal palace at Ayutthaya, including separate courts and a riverside landing place.

Four principal areas organise the grounds: the Outer Court, Middle Court, Inner Court and royal chapel. The Middle Court contains the Phra Maha Monthien, Phra Maha Prasat and Chakri Maha Prasat buildings. Sanam Luang stretches northward as a ceremonial field and parade ground. Official ceremonies still take place here, while part of the complex functions as a museum. Wheelchair-accessible routes make this historic royal centre easier to experience.

City
Bangkok
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